Allah, the Almighty, said:
{Does he not know that Allah sees?} [al-‘Alaq 96:14]
قَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: "أَلَمْ يَعْلَم بِأَنَّ اللَّهَ يَرَىٰ"
Ḥayâ’ is one of the first steps on the stairway for the elite. It arises from glorification that rests on a foundation of love.
It is of three levels:
الْحَيَاءُ مِنْ أَوَّلِ مَدَارِجِ أَهْلِ الْخُصُوصِ، يَتَوَلَّدُ مِنْ تَعْظِيمٍ مَنُوطٍ بِوُدٍّ. وَهُوَ عَلَى ثَلَاثِ دَرَجَاتٍ:
The first level is a type of ḥayâ’ that results from the servant’s realization of the Lord’s beholding of him/her. This entices him/her to endure the struggle, causes him/her to see the ugliness of his/her crimes, and keeps him/her from complaining.
الدَّرَجَةُ الْأُولَى حَيَاءٌ يَتَوَلَّدُ مِنْ عِلْمِ الْعَبْدِ بِنَظَرِ الْحَقِّ إِلَيْهِ، فَيَجْذِبُهُ إِلَى تَحَمُّلِ هَذِهِ الْمُجَاهَدَةِ، وَيَحْمِلُهُ عَلَى اسْتِقْبَاحِ الْجِنَايَةِ، وَيُسْكِتُهُ عَنِ الشَّكْوَى.
The second level is ḥayâ’ that results from beholding the flags of nearness, thus inviting one to ride the mount of love, connecting him/her through the breeze of uns (comforting intimacy with Allah), and making him/her resent mixing with the creations.302
الدَّرَجَةُ الثَّانِيَةُ حَيَاءٌ يَتَوَلَّدُ مِنَ النَّظَرِ فِي عَلَمِ الْقُرْبِ، فَيَدْعُوهُ إِلَى رُكُوبِ الْمَحَبَّةِ، وَيَرْبُطُهُ بِرُوحِ الْأُنْسِ، وَيُكَرِّهُ إِلَيْهِ مُلَابَسَةَ الْخَلْقِ.
The third level is ḥayâ’ that arises from attending the Divine presence; a level that is mixed with awe, void of tafriqah (dispersion),303 and with no finite end.304
الدَّرَجَةُ الثَّالِثَةُ حَيَاءٌ يَتَوَلَّدُ مِنْ شُهُودِ الْحَضْرَةِ، وَهِيَ الَّتِي تَشُوبُهَا هَيْبَةٌ وَلَا تُقَارِنُهَا تَفْرِقَةٌ وَلَا يُوقَفُ لَهَا عَلَى غَايَةٍ.
301 Ḥayâ’ is firstly about your shyness from Allah to be seen by Him in a position or state He disapproves. At-Tirmidhi reported from ‘Abdullâh ibn Mas‘ood that the Messenger of Allah ﷺ said: